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CUSAT B.Tech Degree Course – Scheme of Examinations & Syllabus 2006 CE Sem VIII
1
CE 801 A/B Architecture & Town Planning

Module I
Principles of Architectural Design: Definition of Architecture – factors influencing
architectural development-characteristic features of a style –historical examples.
Creative Principles – function, strength and aesthetics deciding the space and form-detailed
analysis of factors influencing the space, activity space, circulation space and tolerance space
–factors influencing form –from perception – from expressive of function, form related with
material and structural system.
Design principles –elements of composition - point, line, plane, texture, colour etc, mass and
scale, proportions – rhythm, balance and unity – iconic, pragmatic and analogue design.
Module II
Functional Planning of Buildings: Occupancy classification of buildings – general
requirements of site and building- building codes and rules – licensing of building works.
Functional planning of buildings such as residential, institutional, public, commercial and
industrial buildings – the process of identifying activity area & linkages – drawing built
diagrams – checking for circulation, ventilation, structural requirements and other constraints
– preparing sketch plans and working drawing – site plants .
Consideration of comfort factors such as acoustics, lighting, ventilation and thermal aspects.
Module III
Town Planning Theory: Evolution of towns – problems of urban growth-beginning of town
planning acts – ideal towns –garden city movement – concept of new towns -comprehensive
planning of towns.
Survey and analysis of town-base maps- land used classification – transportation network -
housing – demographic and social surveys – economic studies – environmental aspectstheories
of land use planning transportation planning and housing development.
Urban area delineation – urban influence zone – urban region - concept of regional planning.
Module IV
Concept of master plan: Structure plan, detailed town planning scheme and action plan.
Estimating future needs – planning standards for different land use allocation for commerce,
industries, public amenities, open areas etc, - planning standards for density distributions –
density zones – planning standards for traffic network – standard of roads - Plan
implementation –town planning legislations and municipal acts – panning of control
development schemes – urban financing – land acquisition –slum clearance schemes –
pollution control aspects.
Reference
1) Barister Fletcher – A History of world Architecture
2) Ernest Pickering - Architecture Design
3) G.K. Hiraskar – Great Ages of World Architecture
4) Rangwala - Town Planning –Charotar Publishing House
5) Satish Chandra Agarwala - Architecture & Town Planning –Dhanpat Rai & Co (P)
Ltd
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.


CE 802A/B Construction Safety & Fire Engineering
Module I
Introduction to Construction Industry and Safety: Basic concepts – accident – injury –lost
time accidents, reportable accident, frequency rate, severity rate, incidence rate.
Technological, Organisation and Behavioral Aspects of safety in construction. Human factors
that are Impediments to safety in construction. Roles of different groups in ensuring safety,
health, welfare and social security. Steps to be taken in construction sites in case of accidents.
Introduction to ergonomics and its relevance to construction.
Module II
Safety in various construction operations such as soil excavation, rock blasting, dewatering,
piling, demolition, working at heights-ladders and scaffolds, working in confined spaces.
Safety in electrical works at construction site.
Safety in storage, stacking and handling of construction materials-cement, lime, aggregates,
bricks and blocks, steel, glass, paint and varnish, flammable and hazardous materials used at
sites.
Safety in the operation of construction equipments- excavators, trucks, tower cranes, mobile
cranes, lifting tackles, chain and pulley. Personal protective equipment’s for construction.
Module III
Classification of fire. Effect of high temperature on the properties of concrete, steel, masonry,
wood. Fire damage to concrete, steel, masonry and timber. Repair techniques to the fire
damaged reinforced concrete columns, beams, slabs and to the steel structural members.
Module IV
Design principles of fire resistant walls.
Classification of buildings based on occupancy, types of construction as per National
Building code of India; Fire zones; General Requirements of fire protection for all individual
occupancies.
Life safety aspects of building fires – Exit Requirements as per NBC of India. Requirements
other than general requirements for buildings of different occupancy classification.
References
1. K N Vaid :Construction Safety Management
2. Smith & Harmathy : Design of Buildings for Fire Safety
3. National Building Code of India, Part –IV and VII
4. Linger L. :Modern Methods of Material Hand ling.
5. E.W. Merchant :A Complete Guide to Fire & Buildings
6.V K Jain : Fire Safety in Buildings , New Age International (p) Ltd , New Delhi
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE 803A/B Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Structures
Module I
Concept of Repairing – retrofitting – strengthening – rehabilitation – restoration – remoulding
Repair materials/ methods : – Repair methodology, issues related to material Technology -
Desired properties of repair materials – materials for repair – new repair systems / products.
Distresses in concrete structures – Deterioration of structures – causes and prevention –
crack repair techniques – Repair techniques/ materials for structures – repair of structural
components
Module II
Retrofitting of Masonry buildings: Failure mode of masonry buildings – out-of-plane
failure – in-plane failure – diaphragm failure – failure of connection – methods of retrofitting
– cement or epoxy injection– using wire mesh and cement mortar – re construction of bulged
portion of masonry wall – grouting with cement – pointing with mortar – shotcreting – using
FRP fabric – using RC and steel frames – adding reinforcements to masonry – stitching of
wall corners – use of tie rods – Prestressing of masonry – external binding or jacketing –
Splint and bandage technique – Inserting new walls – exterior supplemental elements –
strengthening of parapets
Module III
Retrofitting of RC structure: Global retrofitting methods – adding new shear walls –
adding steel bracing – adding infill walls – non-conventional methods – seismic base
isolation – Supplemental damping devices; Member or local retrofit methods –
jacketing/confinements –jacketing of columns using steel sections – reinforced concrete
jacketing – FRP jacketing – beam jacketing – beam column joint jacketing – slab column
connection – foundation – cost comparison of different methods
Module IV
Repair of Concrete Floors: Surface preparation – thin bonded toppings – reinstating joint
sealants – Crack repair – crack cleaning and resin injection – crack cutting and mortar filling
– application of cement/sand screed – use of toppings
Retrofitting of Steel Structure: Rain water protection – drainage in structural members –
preparation of surface by sand blasting – protective coatings – Cathodic protection –
Sacrificial metal – adding additional plates strengthening the joints – concrete jacketing
References
1) Agarwal P & Shrikhande M – Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures – Prentice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
2) Balachandran and Margrab – Vibrations – Thomason Books Cole
3) A.R.Santhakumar – Concrete Technology , Oxford University Press New Delhi
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE804(A/B)(a) Bridge Engineering

Module I
Investigation for Bridges: Investigation stages – classification of bridges – investigations –
estimates – Major bridges – coverage – topographic details – catchments area map –
hydrologic particulars – geotechnical details – seismology of the area - navigation
requirements – construction resources – particulars of nearest bridges – traffic forecast –
Major bridges – factors for choice of ideal site –techno economic feasibility – project report
preparation – preparation of drawings
Module II
Loading standards: components of bridge structure – need for loading standard – loading
requirement – railway loading standards – road bridge loadings.
Construction of bridges: Setting out of pier and abutments – setting out of single span
bridge – setting out of multi span bridge – Open excavation in dry condition – foundation
below water table – pile foundations – precast driven piles – cast in situ piles – load test on
piles – well foundation – sinking of wells – construction of super structure
Module III
Concrete Bridges for Road Transport: Design of simply supported solid slab bridge –
Dispersion of load along the span – design of slab – Design of Girder Bridge – Design of
deck slabs – design of longitudinal girders – Courbon’s method – Design of bearings
Steel Bridge for Railways: Steel girder design
Module IV
Inspection of Bridges: Necessity for inspection of bridges – inspection procedures – aspects
of inspection – testing of bridges – assessment of safe load bearing capacity
Maintenance of Bridges: Substructure maintenance – super structure maintenance –
bearings – girders.
References
1) Ponnuswamy S. – Bridge Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd
2) Aswani MG, Vazirani V.N. & Ratwani M.M. – Design of Concrete Bridges, Khanna
Publishers.
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE 804 A/B (b) COST EFFECTIVE BUILDING TECHNIQUES

Module I
Cost Reduction Techniques – Planning aspects
Innovative techniques for foundation- ground improvement by rope drains-bamboo
reinforcement-sand piles- Brick arch foundation- stub foundation
Foundations in weak soil deposits
Module II
Locally available building materials and their usability, Corrugated roofing sheets from coir,
Applications of bamboo in building construction-flooring-roofing-ceiling-Trusses.
Innovative techniques for walls- Lato blocks-cellular concrete blocks-hollow concrete
blocks-hollow clay blocks- Stabilized Soil blocks-Stone masonry blocks- Sand lime bricks.
Straw-bale technology.
Innovative technique for super structure- Rat trap bond masonry (Practical assignment)
Module III
Innovative techniques for roofing- Funicular shells-Precast reinforced concrete channel units-
Precast reinforced concrete cored units- Prestressed concrete hollow cored units- Precast
RCC joists flooring/roofing systems- roofing system with cellular units- Reinforced brick
panel roofing system-Two-way spanning flooring system using precast units- Cellular light
weight concrete roofing units- Ferro cement ribbed slabs and folded plates- Filler slabs .
Innovative roofing technology- Filler slabs (Practical assignment)
Module IV
Mud Construction – Mud as building and building material – Field tests for identification of
suitable soil for mud construction- Techniques for mud stabilization.- Techniques of mud
construction- finishes and protective treatments
Mud Construction- Production of mud blocks (Practical assignment)
Module IV
Prefabricated building components – advantages of prefabrication. Ferro-cement products.
Applications of industrial wastes in building process – Fly ash-Lime sludge
Prefabrication- Ferro-cement slab (Practical assignment)
PReferences:
1) A.G Madhava Rao and D.S Ramachandra Murthy : Appropriate Technologies for
Low cost housing
2) Mohan Rai and M.P Jaisingh: Advances in building materials and construction, CBRI
Rookie Publications
3) F.S. Merrit : Building Construction Hand book.
4) D.J.Perry & P.S.Brandew : Cost planning of buildings.
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE 804A/B (c) Ground Improvement Techniques

Module I
Introduction to Ground improvement techniques: Role of ground improvement in
foundation engineering- Geotechnical problems in alluvial, lateritic and black cotton soils
Drainage and Dewatering: well point system, shallow & deep well system, vacuum
dewatering, electro osmosis
Module II
In-situ densification methods in granular soils: Introduction-mechanical stabilization-deep
dynamic compaction-vibro compaction- blasting
In-situ densification methods in cohesive soils: Preloading- Concept of three dimensional
consolidation –sand drain design and methods of their installation – fabric drains-stone
columns & lime piles (installation techniques only)
Module III
Earth Reinforcement- Concept of reinforced earth –load transfer mechanism and strength
development – Stability analysis of reinforced earth retaining walls-external stability
analysis, internal stability analysis (brief mention about the methods only) - application areas.
Geosynthetics: Classification- Functions of geotextiles as separators, reinforcement, filters
and in drainage-damage and durability of geotextiles.
Module IV
Introduction to grouts and grouting- basic functions -Classification of grouts -Grout ability
Ratio
Properties of grouts: viscosity, fluidity, stability, rigidity, thixotropy, permeance
Grouting applications: seepage control in soil and rock under dams- seepage control in soil
for cut off walls –stabilization grouting for underpinning
Cement and lime stabilization: cement stabilization-types of soil cement-factors affecting
soil cement mixing
Lime stabilization-effect of lime on soil properties
Reference
1) M.J. Tomlinson - Foundation design and construction
2) Robert M. Koerner - Construction and Geotechnical Methods in Foundation
Engineering, Mc Graw Hill
3) C.J.F.P Jones - Earth Reinforcement and soil structures,Buuterworths
4) Purushothama Raj.P – Ground Improvement techniques ,Laxmi Publications(P) Ltd.,
New Delhi
5) Shashi.K.Gulhati & Manoj Datta –Geotechnical Engineering , Tata McGraw Hill
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE 804A/B (d) Remote Sensing & GIS

Module I
Remote sensing: Definition-Components of Remote sensing - Energy, Sensor, Interacting
Body - Active and passive Remote Sensing – Platforms - Aerial and Space Platforms-
Balloons, Helicopters, Aircraft and Satellites - Synoptivity and Repetivity – Electro Magnetic
Radiation (EMR) - EMR spectrum-visible, Infra Red (IR), near IR, Middle IR, Thermal IR
and Microwave - Black Body Radiation – Planck’s law - Stefan-Boltzman law.
EMR Interaction with Atmosphere and Earth Materials : Atmospheric characteristics-
Scattering of EMR - Raleigh, Mie, Non–selective and Raman Scattering - EMR Interaction
with Water vapour and ozone – Atmospheric Windows – Significance of Atmospheric
windows - EMR interaction with Earth Surface Materials. Radiance, Irradiance, Incident,
Reflected, Absorbed and transmitted energy - Reflectance – Specular and diffuse reflection
surfaces - Spectral Signature – Spectral Signature curves EMR interaction with water, soil
and earth surface.
Module II
Optical and Microwave Remote Sensing : Satellites – Classification based on orbits - Sun
Synchronous and Geo Synchronous - based on purpose - Earth Resources Satellites,
communication satellites, weather satellites, spy satellites – Satellite sensors - Resolution-
Spectral, Spatial Radiometric and Temporal Resolution, description of Multispectral
Scanning, Along and Across Track Scanners - Description of sensors in Landsat , SPOT, IRS
series- Current Satellites – Radar-Speckle-Back Scattering – Side Looking Airborne Radar -
Synthetic Aperture Radar – Radiometer - Geometrical characteristics.
Module III
Geographic Information system (GIS) : GIS – Components of GIS – Hardware, Software
and Organizational Context - Data-Spatial and Non – Spatial, Maps - Types of Maps,
Projection - Types of Projection - Data Input – Digitizer, Scanner – Editing – Raster and
Vector data structure, Analysis using Raster and Vector data-retrieval, Reclassification,
Overlaying , Buffering – Data Output – Printers and Plotters.
Module IV
Visual Interpretation of Satellite Images – Elements of Interpretation - Interpretation Keys
Characteristics of Digital Satellite Images, Image enhancement, Filtering , Classification –
Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing – Application of Remote Sensing and GIS, Urban
Applications – Water resources – Urban Analysis - Watershed Management - Resources
Information systems.
References
1) Lillesand T M, Kiefer R W & Chipman J W : Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation, JohnWiley & Sons.
2) Sabinne : Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman & Co.
3) Burrough & McDonnel : Principles of GIS, Oxford University Press
4) Heywood J, Cornelius S & Carver S An Introduction to GIS, Pearson Education
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE 804A/B (e) Industrial Waste Engineering & Management

Module I
Effect of industrial waste on stream, land and air, Stream quality criteria for public water
supply and effluent standards, characterisation studies, Variation in wastewater flowrates and
constituents, Objective of wastewater treatment, Plant analysis and design, General layout of
an effluent treatment plant, Volume reduction, Strength reduction,Neutralisation,
Equalisation and Proportioning.
Module II
Disposal of treated waste into rivers, lake, reservoirs and estuaries, De-oxygenation and Reoxygenationin
river and Streams, Development of Oxygen sag model, Application of Streeter
Phelp’s equation, Estimation of assimilation capacity of stream. Design of river out fall,
Ocean disposal, Water reclamation and reuse.
Module III
Physico–chemical treatment methods, Application of sedimentation. coagulation,
flocculation, adsorption, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and
electrodialysis process, Biological treatment methods, Principle, Attached and suspended
culture systems, modification of activated sludge process, rotating biological contactors,
biotower, stabilisation pond, oxidation ditch, aerated lagoon, sequencing batch reactors
Conventional and high rate anaerobic treatment concept of anaerobic contact process,
anaerobic rotating biological contractors, Anaerobic Expanded/Fluidised bed reactors,
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors and modifications.
Module IV
Manufacturing process, Characterization and treatment of Industrial wastes - paper and pulp
mill waste, breweries and distilleries waste, tannery waste, textile mill waste, pharmaceutical
plant wastes, Fertiliser plant waste, sugar mill waste, Flow diagram for treatment
Removal and control of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, Waste management
techniques. Control of Volatile organic compounds by absorption, adsorption, combustion
and biofitration. Environmental management through ISO 14000, Environmental Auditing
procedures, Auditing for waste minimisation, Ecolabelling and Life Cycle Assessment.
Referencess
1) Metcalf and Eddy – Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal and Reuse – Tata
McGraw Hill Publications
2) Nemerow, H N Liquid Waste from Industry – Theory, Practice and Treatment –
McGraw Hill Publications.
3) Rao M.N and Datta A.K – Waste Water Treatment – Oxford IBH Publication
4) Wark and Warner – Air Pollution – Harper and Row Publication.
5) Eckenfelder W.W – Industrial Water Pollution Control – McGraw Hill Publication.
6) Vesilind, Worrell and Reinhart – Solid Waste Engineering, Tomson Brook Cole
7) Arcevala and Asolekar – Waster water Treatment for pollution control and Reuse –
Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
Type of Questions for University Exam.
Q 1.Eight short answer questions of 5 marks with two questions from each of the four modules.
Q 2. to Q.5 : Two questions A & B of 15 marks from each modules with option to answer either A or B.

CE 805A Building Technology and NDT Lab
Building Science Laboratory

1) wind flow using anemometer
2) temperature contours inside a room using digital thermometer
3) sound intensity contours inside a room
4) light intensity contours inside a room
5) humidity measurement inside a room
6) shadow in a building model
Nondestructive Testing Laboratory
1) Ultrasonic Pulse velocity test -concrete
2) Rebound hammer test -concrete
3) Penetration resistance -concrete
4) Core sampling -concrete
Note : 50 % marks is earmarked for continous evaluation, and 50% marks for end semester examination to
be assessed by two examiners. A candidate shall secure a minimum of 50 % marks separately for the two
components to be eligible for a pass in that subject.

CE 805(B) INDUSTRIALLY ORIENTED PROJECT

Each batch of around 5 students shall identify a field oriented project
· A detailed project report in the prescribed formal shall be submitted at the end of the
semester. All test results and relevant design and engineering documentation shall be
included in the report
· The work shall be reviewed and evaluated periodically
The final evaluation of the project shall be done by a team of minimum 3 internal examiners
including the project guide and shall include the following.
· Presentation of the work
· Oral examination
· Quality and content of the project report
Guidelines for evaluation:
i. Regularity and progress of work 50
ii. Work knowledge and involvement 75
iii. End semester presentation and oral examination 75
iv. Project Report – Presentation style and content 50
Total 250
Note : Points (i) and (ii) to be evaluated by the respective project guide and the project
coordinator based on continuous evaluation(iii)-(iv) to be evaluated by the final evaluation
team comprising of 3 internal examiners including the project guide.

CE 806 A PROJECT
Each batch of students shall develop the project started during the VII semester.
· A detailed project report in the prescribed formal shall be submitted at the end of the
semester. All test results and relevant design and engineering documentation shall be
included in the report
· The work shall be reviewed and evaluated periodically
The final evaluation of the project shall be done by a team of minimum 3 internal examiners
including the project guide and shall include the following.
· Presentation of the work
· Oral examination
· Quality and content of the project report
Guidelines for evaluation:
i. Regularity and progress of work 50
ii. Work knowledge and involvement 50
iii. End semester presentation and oral examination 50
iv. Project Report – Presentation style and content 50
Total 200 marks
Note : Points (i) and (ii) to be evaluated by the respective project guide and the project
coordinator based on continuous evaluation(iii)-(iv) to be evaluated by the final evaluation
team comprising of 3 internal examiners including the project guide.
CE 806B / 807A VIVA - VOCE
Each student is required to appear for a viva-voce examination at the end of the complete course
work.. The examination panel shall comprise of a minimum of one internal examiner and one
external examiner, both appointed by the University. The examiners shall evaluate the students in
terms of their conceptual grasp of the course of study and practical/analysis skills in the field. The
students shall produce the seminar report and project reports duly attested by the institutional
authorities, before the examiners